Schleiermacher and Deutscher -- Alex

 Schleiermacher claims there are only two ways of translation: bringing the reader to the author by preserving the "foreignness" of the text at the cost of an "smoothness" in the target language, or bringing the author to the reader by rewriting the text in the target language. He claims the latter option is only suitable for "light" texts, and "real" translation must "reveal the foreign" -- doing the second approach for "serious" texts only undermines the integrity of both languages. 

However, I think the Deutscher article suggests that both approaches have major limitations due to the different structures of languages. He gives an example with Matses, which requires the speaker to specify how the learned the information they are conveying. If someone were translating from Matses to English, it would be easy: the translation would read "I heard that..." or "I saw...", etc. based on the original. Going the other way, however, is hard. If I said "the chicken crossed the road", how would a Matses translator know how I acquired that information? They must know, otherwise they risk misrepresenting information, a.k.a. lying. This isn't a question of bringing who to who or writing in who's voice -- it is a problem of integrity and . If Matses is too "niche" of language, Turkish has the same language structure, therefore the problem is "real". 

Nonetheless, I think Schleiermacher's first approach does do "better" at handling these differences than the second approach because it takes in and "allows" these differences to make the translation unnatural. For example, the way how gendered pronouns shape their descriptors -- a strong bridge VS. a beautiful bridge -- this may sound unnatural in another language, but it makes grammatical sense -- there's nothing "fundamentally wrong", if you will. It's like allowing errors to exist and claiming it's "part of the strategy". However, in situations like the Matses example, perhaps the translator must take some liberty themselves to infer information from the text and make their translation grammatically and integrally correct.